Programma T-X .....

Area dedicata alla discussione sull’Aviazione Militare, gli Aerei, i Reparti e le Basi, le Pattuglie acrobatiche

Moderatore: Staff md80.it

Rispondi
Avatar utente
Lampo 13
FL 500
FL 500
Messaggi: 7484
Iscritto il: 21 agosto 2014, 23:44
Località: Lodz - Polonia

Re: Programma T-X .....

Messaggio da Lampo 13 » 9 febbraio 2015, 14:35

richelieu ha scritto:
sidew ha scritto:Rispo(l)verano il Tigershark, probabilmente uno dei più belli della famiglia? :shock:
Non è ancor detto ..... e, siccome dovranno passare almeno un paio d'anni prima che venga emesso il bando ed altro tempo dovrà poi trascorrere sino al momento in cui il vincitore si vedrà assegnare il contratto, si può ipotizzare che, nel frattempo, qualcosa possa cambiare o evolvere.

Ho però la sgradevole impressione che, stando ormai così le cose, il T-100 di Alenia/General Dynamics troverà, sulla sua strada, un considerevole fuoco di sbarramento ..... :rightfighter5:

..... tutto a stelle e strisce ..... :usa2:
.
Beh, accettando di aprire una fabbrica in USA, la Beretta vinse contro la Smith & Wesson...

Avatar utente
richelieu
FL 500
FL 500
Messaggi: 13905
Iscritto il: 22 dicembre 2008, 21:14

Re: Programma T-X .....

Messaggio da richelieu » 9 febbraio 2015, 16:11

Lampo 13 ha scritto:
richelieu ha scritto:
sidew ha scritto:Rispo(l)verano il Tigershark, probabilmente uno dei più belli della famiglia? :shock:
Non è ancor detto ..... e, siccome dovranno passare almeno un paio d'anni prima che venga emesso il bando ed altro tempo dovrà poi trascorrere sino al momento in cui il vincitore si vedrà assegnare il contratto, si può ipotizzare che, nel frattempo, qualcosa possa cambiare o evolvere.

Ho però la sgradevole impressione che, stando ormai così le cose, il T-100 di Alenia/General Dynamics troverà, sulla sua strada, un considerevole fuoco di sbarramento .....
:rightfighter5:

..... tutto a stelle e strisce ..... :usa2:
.
Beh, accettando di aprire una fabbrica in USA, la Beretta vinse contro la Smith & Wesson ...
In realtà la Beretta vinse contro l'altra finalista (che era la Sig-Sauer P-226) solo perché veniva a costare qualche centesimo di Dollaro in meno ..... per il resto ..... erano in pratica alla pari .....
.

Avatar utente
Lampo 13
FL 500
FL 500
Messaggi: 7484
Iscritto il: 21 agosto 2014, 23:44
Località: Lodz - Polonia

Re: Programma T-X .....

Messaggio da Lampo 13 » 9 febbraio 2015, 16:32

richelieu ha scritto:
Lampo 13 ha scritto:
richelieu ha scritto:
sidew ha scritto:Rispo(l)verano il Tigershark, probabilmente uno dei più belli della famiglia? :shock:
Non è ancor detto ..... e, siccome dovranno passare almeno un paio d'anni prima che venga emesso il bando ed altro tempo dovrà poi trascorrere sino al momento in cui il vincitore si vedrà assegnare il contratto, si può ipotizzare che, nel frattempo, qualcosa possa cambiare o evolvere.

Ho però la sgradevole impressione che, stando ormai così le cose, il T-100 di Alenia/General Dynamics troverà, sulla sua strada, un considerevole fuoco di sbarramento .....
:rightfighter5:

..... tutto a stelle e strisce ..... :usa2:
.
Beh, accettando di aprire una fabbrica in USA, la Beretta vinse contro la Smith & Wesson ...
In realtà la Beretta vinse contro l'altra finalista (che era la Sig-Sauer P-226) solo perché veniva a costare qualche centesimo di Dollaro in meno ..... per il resto ..... erano in pratica alla pari .....
.
Ti parlo degli anni '80 e, se ricordo bene, le due finaliste furono la Beretta e la Smith & Wesson. La lobby degli armieri americani provocò uno scandalo facendo ripetere le prove fatte ed ormai teoricamente inattaccabili, ma non mandavano giù che per la prima volta nella Storia una forza armata americana non facesse guadagnare loro!

Avatar utente
richelieu
FL 500
FL 500
Messaggi: 13905
Iscritto il: 22 dicembre 2008, 21:14

Re: Programma T-X .....

Messaggio da richelieu » 9 febbraio 2015, 16:46

Lampo 13 ha scritto:Ti parlo degli anni '80 e, se ricordo bene, le due finaliste furono la Beretta e la Smith & Wesson. La lobby degli armieri americani provocò uno scandalo facendo ripetere le prove fatte ed ormai teoricamente inattaccabili, ma non mandavano giù che per la prima volta nella Storia una forza armata americana non facesse guadagnare loro!
NO ..... :wink:
When the smoke cleared, the Beretta 92 and Sig 226 stood head and shoulders above all others, including the exotic Heckler & Koch P7M13.
Beretta underbid Sig Sauer’s importer, SACO, and won the contract.
Fonte ..... "In Defense of the Beretta 92" .....
http://blog.cheaperthandirt.com/defense-beretta-92/
The two surviving companies were SACO (importing Sig-Sauer pistols at the time) and Beretta. (NSIAD-88-46)
After a controversial bidding process (some allege Beretta was tipped off about SACO’s bid so they could lower the per unit cost on their candidate by $1.00 and win the contract) the Army signed a contract with Beretta for 315,930 pistols.
Fonte ..... "The True Story of the Beretta M9 Pistol." .....
http://www.sightm1911.com/lib/history/true_story_m9.htm

Dirò di più ..... e magari susciterò scandalo ..... penso che la Sig-Sauer P-226 sia migliore della 92 ..... specialmente sotto l'aspetto del sistema di sicura ..... che ritengo superiore quanto a praticità d'impiego .....
Con questo ..... chiudo, per parte mia, l' OT .....
.

Avatar utente
richelieu
FL 500
FL 500
Messaggi: 13905
Iscritto il: 22 dicembre 2008, 21:14

Re: Programma T-X .....

Messaggio da richelieu » 9 febbraio 2015, 17:07

Tornando in argomento .....
..... i retroscena della decisione di Northrop Grumman .....
Northrop Grumman's decision to launch a clean-sheet design for the Air Force's T-X trainer replacement program caught the aviation industry off-guard.
The new design, which is already in production and will fly this year, seemed to come out of nowhere, especially since the company had been promoting the BAE Hawk trainer system as its option for the T-X competition over the past four years.
But while a surprise, the announcement actually fits with the plan Northrop's aerospace division has been putting together in recent years.
The division has quietly reshaped itself into one that is banking on rapid prototyping and creative designs to help it win a series of key competitions that analysts say will determine nothing less than whether the company continues to produce military aircraft.
Fonte ..... "With New T-X Design, Northrop Shows Its Hand" .....
http://www.defensenews.com/story/defens ... /22947925/
.

Avatar utente
richelieu
FL 500
FL 500
Messaggi: 13905
Iscritto il: 22 dicembre 2008, 21:14

Re: Programma T-X .....

Messaggio da richelieu » 12 febbraio 2015, 10:23

L' USAF ne ha bisogno in tempi rapidi ..... la Marina no .....
T-X: Coming Quick .....

John A. Tirpak (2/12/2015) ​

Air Education and Training Command has nailed down its broad needs for the T-X trainer aircraft to replace the T-38, said Brig. Gen. Dawn Dunlop, head of AETC plans, programs, and requirements.

http://www.af.mil/AboutUs/Biographies/D ... unlop.aspx

The Air Force needs 350 T-Xs, with initial operational capability in 2023, to replace 421 T-38s, Dunlop said in an interview with Air Force Magazine.
The T-38 fleet, which has received a number of service life extension program modifications over its 54-year life, will be phased out between 2023 and 2029, Dunlop said, but if there is a delay to T-X, "we would have to do additional SLEPS on the T-38."
The T-X is to finish delivery in 2031.
The Air Force needs a new jet trainer, Dunlop noted, because "12 of the 18 tasks" that pilots must learn for advanced fast-jet training "can't be (accomplished) by the T-38."
These have chiefly to do with cockpit management, especially at high rate of turn and G-loading.
While the program has passed the Air Force's own requirements review, it will go before the Pentagon's Joint Requirements Oversight Council in April for its blessing.
At that time, the Navy, which has been an observer on T-X, will depart the program, as its needs "will be met by the T-45" through 2035, Dunlop said.
Air Force Secretary Deborah Lee James will reveal details about T-X requirements and the new acquisition strategy planned for the jet under her "Bending the Cost Curve" initiative at AFA's Air Warfare Symposium in Orlando, Fla., this week.
..... e non avrà, almeno all'inizio, un ruolo da 'aggressore' .....
Aggressive, Not Aggressor .....

John A. Tirpak (2/12/2015)

The new T-X trainer's requirements don't call for it to be used as a future "Aggressor"-type aircraft, Air Education and Training Command requirements chief Brig. Gen. Dawn Dunlop told Air Force Magazine.
Dunlop said AETC has incorporated into T-X the requirements of USAF major commands that now use the T-38 as a "companion trainer;" a function it performs for the B-2 and F-22 communities, but "we are not buying … a companion trainer."
When new companion trainers are required, the T-X should meet those needs, she said.
AETC is "focusing on the advanced training" needs of the service for fighter/bomber pilots and not a future "Red Air" role for the jet.
At this time, "there is no requirement for an Aggressor-type aircraft," she added.
That said, "I hope we have built into our requirements the adaptability" that would allow the T-X to be applied to other, "future missions."
Also, while the foreign military sales potential of the aircraft is not among program requirements, Dunlop said there is a strong international market for such an aircraft, which is likely one of the reasons industry is so keenly interested in T-X.
Fonte ..... il 'Daily Report' dell' AFA .....
.

Avatar utente
richelieu
FL 500
FL 500
Messaggi: 13905
Iscritto il: 22 dicembre 2008, 21:14

Re: Programma T-X .....

Messaggio da richelieu » 12 febbraio 2015, 20:25

Le certezze dell' AD di Saab .....
Speaking during a financial results briefing in Stockholm on 10 February, Buskhe said: “We haven’t changed our view on both the price and the capability, and the possibility to win” in a future T-X contest.
Fonte ..... "Saab boss upbeat on T-X prospects with Boeing" .....
http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articl ... ng-408960/

Avatar utente
richelieu
FL 500
FL 500
Messaggi: 13905
Iscritto il: 22 dicembre 2008, 21:14

Re: Programma T-X .....

Messaggio da richelieu » 13 febbraio 2015, 21:00

T-X ..... entro il mese verranno rese note le specifiche .....
Air force officials have finalised the requirements for the T-X, which will replace the Northrop Grumman T-38 Talon, which fighter and bomber pilots fly in preparation for helming combat aircraft.
Plans are to deliver the requirements to industry by the end of the month, service secretary Deborah Lee James said 13 February at the Air Force Association’s annual conference in Orlando, Florida.
Fonte ..... "USAF’s T-X trainer requirements will be final by March" .....
http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articl ... ch-409067/


Inoltre .....

Jane's ..... "AFA 2015: USAF prepares to unveil T-X requirements" .....
http://www.janes.com/article/48958/afa- ... quirements

DefenseNew ..... "T-X Requirements Coming in 'Weeks'" .....
http://www.defensenews.com/story/defens ... /23289555/
.

Avatar utente
richelieu
FL 500
FL 500
Messaggi: 13905
Iscritto il: 22 dicembre 2008, 21:14

Re: Programma T-X .....

Messaggio da richelieu » 16 febbraio 2015, 20:24

La versione 'Aggressor' del T-X ..... ovvero ..... una 'misteriosa' voce inserita nel bilancio USAF ..... di cui però nessuno sembra sapere alcunché .....
The Air Force’s funding request for research and development for the T-X trainer includes $575 million from fiscal 2016-2020 to develop the T-38C replacement.
Another $220.5 million is also included in the budget justification documents outlining a plan to procure a modification kit to morph the T-X into a suitable aggressor.
Fonte ..... "The Tale Of The Unclaimed T-X Aggressor" .....
http://aviationweek.com/military-govern ... -aggressor
.

Avatar utente
MatteF88
FL 350
FL 350
Messaggi: 3800
Iscritto il: 6 dicembre 2011, 18:57

Re: Programma T-X .....

Messaggio da MatteF88 » 16 febbraio 2015, 20:31

Vuoi vedere che la "manina" ha inserito quella voce per tagliare il concorso su misura per un prodotto nuovo di pacca Made in USA, escludendo qualche aereo straniero già pronto, e che, mannaggia, non ha i requisiti per fare l'aggressor?

Avatar utente
richelieu
FL 500
FL 500
Messaggi: 13905
Iscritto il: 22 dicembre 2008, 21:14

Re: Programma T-X .....

Messaggio da richelieu » 17 febbraio 2015, 0:05

MatteF88 ha scritto:Vuoi vedere che la "manina" ha inserito quella voce per tagliare il concorso su misura per un prodotto nuovo di pacca Made in USA, escludendo qualche aereo straniero già pronto, e che, mannaggia, non ha i requisiti per fare l'aggressor?
Ma che dici ?
'Loro' ..... cose di questo genere non ne fanno ..... :angel5:

:lol: :mrgreen: :lol: :mrgreen: :lol:

Avatar utente
richelieu
FL 500
FL 500
Messaggi: 13905
Iscritto il: 22 dicembre 2008, 21:14

Re: Programma T-X .....

Messaggio da richelieu » 19 febbraio 2015, 9:51

Zitti, zitti ..... piano, piano .....
Lockheed Martin’s Other T-X .....

John A. Tirpak (2/19/2015)

In addition to its agreement with Korean Aerospace to offer the T-50 trainer in the Air Force’s upcoming T-X competition, Lockheed Martin also has a new design in hand, said Rob Weis, executive VP and general manager of the company’s Skunkworks advanced projects division, at a Lockheed Martin media event in Arlington, Va. Wednesday.
Weis said Skunkworks has been working on a T-X “since 2010,” and will offer it instead of the T-50 if the Air Force’s T-X requirements—due out to industry within weeks—match the new design better.
The T-50 is the default offering if USAF’s broad requirements—a low-risk, low overall cost design that could be quickly delivered based on an existing, off-the-shelf aircraft—don’t change much, Weis said.
Skunkworks is not just involved in aircraft design but has also been working on embedded simulation, a modernized cockpit, and other aspects of the training system it thinks the Air Force will want, he noted.
He suggested either aircraft will feature a flat-panel cockpit display like that in the F-35, the better to help pilots transition to fifth generation aircraft.
The company has not yet decided where in the US it would build the T-X—either version—if it wins the contest, he said.
Fonte ..... il 'Daily Report' dell' AFA .....

Quattro aziende USA, tre delle quali (ovviamente le più potenti) si presenteranno con progetti di velivoli completamente nuovi e dotati di caratteristiche presumibilmente alquanto avanzate, si stanno preparando alla competizione che l' USAF sta allestendo a loro esclusivo uso e consumo .....

A questo punto ..... provate a indovinare chi resterà tagliato fuori .....
.

Avatar utente
sidew
10000 ft
10000 ft
Messaggi: 1423
Iscritto il: 24 maggio 2007, 8:28
Località: Milan, Italy
Contatta:

Re: Programma T-X .....

Messaggio da sidew » 19 febbraio 2015, 14:03

A LM piace vincere facile.... :x
Aldo

"Oops!" - Shannon Foraker, Ashes of victory

Avatar utente
richelieu
FL 500
FL 500
Messaggi: 13905
Iscritto il: 22 dicembre 2008, 21:14

Re: Programma T-X .....

Messaggio da richelieu » 19 febbraio 2015, 15:08

sidew ha scritto:A LM piace vincere facile .... :x
Ma non è detto che, in questo caso, debba vincere per forza ..... anche perché l'esito della competizione T-X è, in un certo qual modo, strettamente legato a quello relativo alla gara per il nuovo bombardiere strategico a lungo raggio ..... proprio per quanto concerne la possibilità di sopravvivenza di Boeing e Northrop Grumman nell'importante settore dei velivoli da combattimento .....
Per quel che riguarda invece il caccia di 6^ generazione ..... i tempi sono comunque ancora molto lunghi .....
.

Avatar utente
richelieu
FL 500
FL 500
Messaggi: 13905
Iscritto il: 22 dicembre 2008, 21:14

Re: Programma T-X .....

Messaggio da richelieu » 20 febbraio 2015, 11:54

Un lettore (ex pilota USAF) scrive ad AW&ST ..... una lettera che lascia intendere parecchie cose .....
Advocate For Home-Grown T-X .....

My heart soared when I read “Training Wheels” (AW&ST Feb.16-Mar. 1, p. 56) about Northrop Grumman/Scaled Composites’ plan on entering a “clean sheet” design for the T-X competition to replace the U.S. Air Force’s T-38 trainer.

If the U.S. is to maintain and advance its design and manufacturing acumen in the aerospace business, we must manufacture the aircraft ourselves.
Otherwise, why bother offering aerospace degrees if we employ a “buy it someplace else” mentality.

The T-X program is reappearing in an entirely new and sensible light, and as a former USAF pilot trained on the venerable T-41, T-37, T-38 trio in 1968, I have renewed hope that the new aircraft will be able to bear the short motto, “designed and built in the USA,” and serve us well.

Jim Johnson

Olympia, Washington
Risulta pertanto evidente quale sia attualmente il pensiero dominante oltre-oceano per quanto riguarda l'eventuale acquisizione di equipaggiamenti provenienti dall'estero .....
.

Avatar utente
richelieu
FL 500
FL 500
Messaggi: 13905
Iscritto il: 22 dicembre 2008, 21:14

Re: Programma T-X .....

Messaggio da richelieu » 22 febbraio 2015, 20:51

Il "Red Air" companion trainer del T-X..... ovvero ..... nel bilancio è presente ..... ma ci sono pezzi grossi che affermano di non esserne al corrente ...... e l' USAF tenta affannosamente di correre ai ripari .....
The T-X trainer replacement program is one of the US Air Force's top recapitalization programs, viewed as vital by service leaders as they prepare to train the next generation of F-22 and F-35 pilots.
And based on budget documents, the winner could also end up producing a new "Red Air" companion trainer to fill the US Air Force's aggressor requirement — although top service officials stress that no official decision has been made on the Red Air trainer.
----- ----- ----- ----- -----
The presence of a Red Air wedge in the budget was a mystery to two top service officials, both of whom have a direct stake in the program.
Fonte ..... "USAF Downplays T-X 'Red Air' Option" .....
http://www.defensenews.com/story/defens ... /23677679/

:blackeye: :bounce:

Avatar utente
richelieu
FL 500
FL 500
Messaggi: 13905
Iscritto il: 22 dicembre 2008, 21:14

Re: Programma T-X .....

Messaggio da richelieu » 7 marzo 2015, 15:17

Ancora sulla opzione di riserva di LM .....

"Lockheed Has T-X Clean Sheet Backup" ..... http://www.defensenews.com/story/defens ... /24438549/

Avatar utente
richelieu
FL 500
FL 500
Messaggi: 13905
Iscritto il: 22 dicembre 2008, 21:14

Re: Programma T-X .....

Messaggio da richelieu » 20 marzo 2015, 20:50

I 'requisiti' sono stati emessi .....
The US Air Force has released the long-awaited requirements for its next-generation trainer program, known as T-X.
The requirements, posted on a federal website (1) Wednesday, will drive the decisions of the five competing companies who hope to win the rights to build 350 advanced flight trainers and the associated systems to replace the legacy T-38 trainer.
Interested parties must respond to the service by May 10.
The program is the first to issue requirements under the "Bending the Cost Curve" initiative, a major staple in Air Force Secretary Deborah Lee James' plans for acquisition reform.
There are over 100 requirements included in the documents, but an Air Force news release (2) said the emphasis is on three key components: sustained G, simulator visual acuity and performance, and aircraft sustainment.
Fonte ..... "USAF Issues T-X Requirements" ..... http://www.defensenews.com/story/defens ... /25080555/

(1) ..... https://www.fbo.gov/index?s=opportunity ... e&_cview=1

(2) ..... http://www.af.mil/News/ArticleDisplay/t ... eased.aspx
.

Avatar utente
richelieu
FL 500
FL 500
Messaggi: 13905
Iscritto il: 22 dicembre 2008, 21:14

Re: Programma T-X .....

Messaggio da richelieu » 23 marzo 2015, 10:40

A proposito dei 'requisiti' .....
T-X: $1 Billion a Year .....

(3/23/2015)

The final requirements for the Air Force’s T-X trainer call for a fleet of 350 aircraft and a training system, including simulators and courseware, that can be bought and operated for $1 billion a year for 20 years, in base-year 2014 dollars.

https://www.fbo.gov/index?s=opportunity ... e&_cview=1

A contract is to be let in late 2017.
The requirements are being released about 10 months earlier than usual acquisition procedures, meant to generate “more deliberate and open engagement with industry,” said Brig. Gen. Dawn Dunlop, Air Education and Training Command director of programs and requirements.

http://www.af.mil/AboutUs/Biographies/D ... unlop.aspx

Initial draft requirements were released in 2012.
The jets will replace about 420 T-38s, which are now more than 50 years old.
According to AETC, the period of operation for T-X is 2026-2045, with first deliveries due in 2022.
The aircraft are to fly 360 hours a year, at a mission readiness rate of 80 percent.
AETC has not limited the competition to “off the shelf” aircraft, and contractors are free to submit clean-sheet designs.
Boeing and Northrop Grumman each are designing new jets for the T-X competition, and Lockheed Martin has a new design ready in case its offering of the Korean T-50 trainer, which it helped develop, doesn’t meet the requirements.
Lower Costs, Filling Holes Key .....

John A. Tirpak (3/23/2015)

Lower costs are key to the final T-X requirements released last week, along with filling the holes in training of future fighter and bomber pilots who can’t learn all the skills they need from the aging T-38.
The unclassified T-X requirements number just over 100, but focus on sustained G, simulator fidelity, and sustainment.
The T-X engine is to be at least 10 percent more fuel efficient than the T-38’s J85 engines, and the aircraft must be at least adaptable to being fitted with aerial refueling gear; built-in air refueling capability is preferred.
USAF is asking for an airplane with all the “switchology” to simulate weapons release for both air-to-air and air-to-ground weapons, although the only required external stores capacity required is for a “weapon systems support pod” and a travel pod.
The cockpits are to have “large area displays” and lighting is to be compatible with night vision goggles and other night imaging systems.
Both cockpits are to have identical displays and controls.
The aircraft is to have terrain and collision avoidance gear and be able to fly at a minimum 20 degrees angle of attack and a desired 25 degrees alfa.
It’s to have a dry crosswind performance of 25 knots and wet runway performance of 20 knots.
The cockpit is to be able to accommodate the same size range of people as the T-6, and be compatible with a full-body anti-g suit.
Nell' articolo l'apparato propulsivo viene menzionato al singolare ..... non risulta pertanto chiaro se L' USAF abbia deciso per un velivolo mono-motore o se lasci liberi i competitori di presentare anche la formula bi-motore.
Nel primo caso ..... la proposta 'T-100 Integrated Training System' di Alenia Aermacchi-General Dynamics rimarrebbe esclusa in partenza .....
No Aggressor, But Built-In Adaptability .....

John A. Tirpak (3/23/2015)

The requirements for the Air Force’s T-X trainer don’t call for the airplane to be capable of the aggressor mission, but the jet is to have sufficient space, weight, power, and cooling to accommodate that role in the future.
Lt. Gen Tod Wolters, deputy chief of staff for operations, told the Senate Armed Services airland panel on March 19 that it’s “too early” to look at the T-X for the aggressor role, noting F-16s are doing the mission “most cost effectively” for the near-term.

http://www.af.mil/AboutUs/Biographies/D ... lters.aspx

However, USAF may want to consider the T-X in the aggressor role “at some point.”
William LaPlante, service acquisition executive, said USAF ensured the requirements didn’t “limit our options” regarding future T-X applications.
Air Education and Training Command said March 20 there is $40 million across the future years defense plan under “stores-aircraft interface” “to provide future planning or development options related to T-X.”
Gen. Robin Rand, AETC commander, said a T-X variant “is just one option for ‘Red Air’ if we decide there’s a requirement for it.”

'Senate Armed Services Airland Panel on March 19, 2015' .....
http://www.armed-services.senate.gov/he ... ernization

Immagine
Il tutto dal ..... 'Daily Report dell' AFA di questa mattina .....
.

Avatar utente
richelieu
FL 500
FL 500
Messaggi: 13905
Iscritto il: 22 dicembre 2008, 21:14

Re: Programma T-X .....

Messaggio da richelieu » 26 marzo 2015, 10:43

Eccoci serviti ..... :twisted:
Opinion: T-X Points To Unhealthy Defense Partnership - Potholes on the two-way procurement street .....

Mar 26, 2015 - Bill Sweetman - Aviation Week & Space Technology

The U.S. defense industry, the Pentagon and Congress should admit that they see the rest of the world as a market and not a supplier, except at the build-to-print and commodity level, or in a dire emergency.

The latest of a Lowe’s-contractor-pack box of nails to be hammered into the coffin of the “two-way street,” as it was once jokingly called, is the Air Force’s March 17 release of a request for information (RFI) on the T-X advanced trainer.
T-X had started with the premise that the world had enough advanced trainers, one of which would meet the Air Force’s needs.
But the sustained G-requirement in the RFI (6.5g threshold, 7.5g objective) has eliminated BAE Systems’ Hawk, and presents problems for the Alenia-Aermacchi M-346.

Lockheed Martin is talking publicly about dumping South Korea’s T-50 in favor of its own design, in which case the non-U.S. content in T-X would comprise Saab’s partnership with Boeing.
This is a second snub to Alenia, which cut back its U.S. operations after the Air Force canceled the C-27J Spartan program.

In the same week, MBDA CEO Antoine Bouvier said the company was close to ending efforts to promote the Brimstone II missile in the U.S., which included flight tests on a General Atomics MQ-9 Reaper UAV.
MBDA offered Brimstone as a gap-filler until the Joint Air-to-Ground Missile is ready; and there is undeniable value in a short-flight, highly accurate, low-collateral-damage weapon that can be fired from fast jets, helicopters or UAVs.

These disappointments are the latest in a long series.
Congressional pork-producers have repeatedly tried to shoot down U.S. acquisition of the Embraer A-29 Tucano light attack aircraft, whether for its own or allied forces, in favor of the Textron Beechcraft AT-6.
The Army walked away from the international Medium Extended Air Defense System (Meads), and the U.S. is promoting modernized versions of the Raytheon Patriot.
In the $43 billion competition for a new refueling tanker, the Air Force’s final requirement meticulously excluded any credit for the Airbus competitor’s greater size and lift capacity.

Exceptions are few.
Airbus Helicopters has provided the Army with the UH-72 Lakota.
The Coast Guard and Customs and Border Patrol have been more willing to buy from Europe.
Norway’s Nammo has produced a lot of AIM-120 Advanced Medium Range Air-to-Air Missile motors because the U.S. producer fell on its bottom and could not get up.

But in default mode, the two-way street comprises an eastbound superhighway and a westbound cow path littered with potholes and barbed wire.

Immagine

Aside from U.S. industrial overcapacity and congressional xenophobia, are there good reasons for this?

The details of U.S. requirements sometimes dictate the outcome of a selection or narrow the field—but the operational case is not always sound.
The commercial market had spoken unequivocally about the relative efficiency—as transport machines—of the Boeing 767 and Airbus A330-200.

As for T-X, it’s understandable that the Air Force wants students to experience sustained and rapid-onset Gs before they do it (solo) in a $100 million F-35.
The Pentagon will pay, big-time, for this capability, and will pay even more if T-X is expanded into companion trainer and aggressor roles.
(Maybe the service needs to think about a lead-in fighter trainer.)

Charles Darwin can illuminate the fate of the C-27 and Meads.
Many programs go through difficult times, and the absence of a claque on Capitol Hill can be decisive.

In cases like Brimstone, efforts to sell foreign systems into the U.S. hit an armored-glass wall.
The unspoken message from the customer appears to be: “My life is complicated enough, and I have trouble getting my top priorities through the procurement maze. Please don’t try to sell me anything else.”

To take another example: MBDA’s unique Meteor is close to operational status, it’s compatible with Amraam installations and USAF intends to keep air-superiority F-15s well into the 2030s.
Meteor’s proven throttleable, solid-fuel ramjet technology (which the U.S. has never mastered) is a match for the Navy’s requirement for a longer-range anti-radar missile
.
However, the chance of any formal U.S. interest is near zero.

Neither will the picture change much, as long as sequesterphobia holds Washington in its icy grip.
But for the Europeans—and emerging export industries—this realization is liberating.
There’s no need to hire an expensive bigwig to be CEO North America, along with a platoon of retired four-stars to staff the proxy board.
And when U.S. representatives turn up in the home country to remind everyone that their duty is to sustain true partnerships by writing checks to U.S. contractors, pat them indulgently on their heads, and get back to work addressing the customers’ needs.
Si tenga presente che Bill Sweetman è inglese ..... non Americano ..... :wink:

8)

Avatar utente
richelieu
FL 500
FL 500
Messaggi: 13905
Iscritto il: 22 dicembre 2008, 21:14

Re: Programma T-X .....

Messaggio da richelieu » 27 marzo 2015, 9:14

Ed Alenia restò sola .....
General Dynamics Information Systems & Technology has withdrawn itself as the prime contractor on the T-100, the offering for the T-X trainer replacement program based on the Alenia Aermacchi M-346 design.
The decision, revealed in a company statement to Defense News, calls into question the future viability of the T-100 bid just a week after the Air Force released its final program requirements.
Fonte ..... "General Dynamics Withdraws as T-100 Prime Contractor" .....
http://www.defensenews.com/story/breaki ... /70510320/

Non sono ancora chiari i motivi di questa scelta ..... né le conseguenti decisioni che dovranno essere prese da Alenia nell' immediato futuro ..... ma ..... alla luce di questo passaggio dell' articolo .....
Aboulafia called the turnaround of the T-100's fate "pretty extraordinary," given that at one point they looked like a frontrunner.
But as the service continued to refine its requirements, some have questioned whether the T-100 can keep up.
..... sembra abbastanza evidente che oltreoceano si stia facendo di tutto per tenere il T-100, considerato forse troppo 'pericoloso' per gli interessi industriali USA, fuori dai giochi .....
All'inizio di disse che sarebbe stato acquistato un velivolo già disponibile su mercato ..... poi si aprì anche a progetti completamente nuovi ..... e a mano a mano si è passati alla loro proliferazione ed alla situazione attuale con l'emissione di requisiti tali che potrebbero sbarrare il passo al fastidioso concorrente italiano .....
La decisione di GD si potrebbe spiegare nell' ormai raggiunta consapevolezza che concorrere è controproducente nonché inutilmente dispendioso .....

In attesa di ulteriori sviluppi .....

:twisted:

Avatar utente
richelieu
FL 500
FL 500
Messaggi: 13905
Iscritto il: 22 dicembre 2008, 21:14

Re: Programma T-X .....

Messaggio da richelieu » 27 marzo 2015, 23:08

Eccoli ..... gli ulteriori sviluppi .....

Alenia sarebbe in trattative con un nuovo partner .....
"Finmeccanica-Alenia Aermacchi is in [talks] with a new major US prime contractor and it is fully committed to the North America market," spokesman Stefano Somma said in a statement.
"For the moment I can't say who is the new partner."
..... mentre GD precisa .....
General Dynamics, meanwhile, is denying that the decision to remove itself as the prime contractor for the trainer was tied to the final requirements for the program released by the Air Force a week ago.
Fonte ..... "Alenia In Talks with New T-X Prime" .....
http://www.defensenews.com/story/defens ... /70552708/
.

Avatar utente
richelieu
FL 500
FL 500
Messaggi: 13905
Iscritto il: 22 dicembre 2008, 21:14

Re: Programma T-X .....

Messaggio da richelieu » 29 marzo 2015, 20:34

Ora è diventato un ginepraio .....
The decision by General Dynamics Information Systems & Technology to remove itself as the prime contractor on the T-100 has thrown the competition to develop the US Air Force's next-generation trainer into disarray.
Fonte ..... "GD Withdrawal Shakes Up T-X Competition" .....
http://www.defensenews.com/story/defens ... /70538718/
.

Avatar utente
richelieu
FL 500
FL 500
Messaggi: 13905
Iscritto il: 22 dicembre 2008, 21:14

Re: Programma T-X .....

Messaggio da richelieu » 31 marzo 2015, 20:43

If.....
If the US Air Force decides to move in the direction of a unified undergraduate jet trainer, the winner of the T-X trainer replacement competition could see its production run jump by an estimated 200 jets.
However, that decision is still far off and would likely be part of a separate buy after the T-X contract is awarded sometime in late 2017.
Fonte ..... "T-X Buy Could Grow by 200 Jets" ..... http://www.defensenews.com/story/defens ... /70724286/

Immagine

Avatar utente
richelieu
FL 500
FL 500
Messaggi: 13905
Iscritto il: 22 dicembre 2008, 21:14

Re: Programma T-X .....

Messaggio da richelieu » 2 aprile 2015, 11:23

Amy Butler commenta, su AW&ST, gli ultimi sviluppi dell' affaire T-X .....
T-X Competition Fierce Despite GD, Alenia Split .....

Apr 2, 2015 - Amy Butler - Aviation Week & Space Technology

With four contenders still in the running to build the U.S. Air Force’s T-38 follow-on advanced pilot jet trainer, the service is confident that the remaining competition will drive cost down to an affordable level, despite high design expectations.
Alenia Aermacchi is hoping to find a new partner—likely Raytheon—after being dumped by former prime contractor General Dynamics in pitching a version of the M346. GD announced its pullout March 26.
This leaves four other candidates, including new designs from Boeing/Saab and Northrop Grumman/BAE, as well as a modified Textron AirLand Scorpion and the Lockheed/Korea Aerospace Industries T-50, though it is unclear how much modification the latter aircraft will need until the final requirements are set.
Industry sources suggest Lockheed is not interested in a new-build design.

The contenders have shifted substantially for the T-X program as the Air Force’s schedule repeatedly slipped.
Alenia’s M346 design was earlier thought to be leading the pack, with what was then a BAE-led team with Northrop Grumman to propose a variant of the Hawk, as well as Lockheed/KAI’s plans to move forward with the T-50.

Once comprised of only foreign competitors, now Alenia’s strained bid for M346 is the only offshore design.

The stakes are high, as 350 jets are needed to replace the T-38.
A potential derivative program could total another 200 aircraft if the Air Force opts for single-track pilot training, using the chosen platform for advanced pilot training as well as advanced skills work, says Brig. Gen. Dawn Dunlop, director of requirements, plans and programs for Air Education and Training Command (AETC).
The service could also opt for a “red air” version of the T-X, but both the advanced pilot training requirement and red air options will be decided at a later date.

The Air Force’s delays to the so-called T-X were due to budget pressures, but also gave officials time to approach the requirements and procurement process differently, says Maj. Gen. Dwyer Dennis, director of global reach programs for the Air Force acquisition secretary.
Typically, requirements are refined, validated and then handed off to procurement officials with little collaboration.
With T-X, however, the teams were working together to weigh the cost of various requirements against the capability required, Dunlop and Dennis say.
They also engaged industry early and often about the requirements and potential cost trades.
Though not unprecedented, the generals say the level of interaction with industry was unusual and beneficial.

“It has informed us on the state of technology—what is reasonable and what are some of the cost drivers—and it informed industry on what we really need,” Dunlop says.
As a more informed customer, these officials now feel confident moving forward with the thorny task of assessing how to score the forthcoming bids based on a set of threshold and objective requirements.

The Air Force has made some serious missteps in this area in the past decade, most notably in the botched attempts to buy a KC-135 refueler replacement and the troubled path to procure a combat search-and-rescue helicopter.

Chief among the Air Force’s concerns now is keeping cost down, specifically life-cycle cost, Dennis says.
At the program’s inception, former procurement chief David Van Buren was pushing low cost, and industry was more focused on containing the development and procurement price.
Recent budget pressures have, however, convinced the service to focus more on operating cost containment for weapon systems, including the T-X.

The Air Force has a cost cap in mind for the system, but Dunlop declined to share it.
T-X includes not only the aircraft but also ground-based training systems and academic aids.

Likewise, these generals say the dialog has helped them to understand the cost impact of their requirements.
For example, the service wants an aircraft availability of 80% for T-X, Dunlop says.
The requirement for the T-38 is 75%; the fleet has not met that goal since 2011 and hovers below 60% now.

Feeding into aircraft availability, however, are a number of subordinate factors, each of which was reviewed for its cost implications.
“We looked at each of the subordinate parameters that feed that aircraft availability to make sure that none of those were higher demands than were required that were cost drivers where we didn’t need them,” Dunlop says.
“We actually adjusted two of those parameters down lower that were in excess of our 80% aircraft availability.”

One requirement that was adjusted based on industry input was for the cockpit’s large-area display.
While AETC’s requirement is simply to ensure that the student pilot can handle tasks such as avionics management and sensor integration, industry proposed options that attempted to mirror the F-35’s display.

“Originally, their selling point was, ‘Look, it is the same as the F-35,’ and I said, ‘That is not important to me and my requirements.’ What is important for me is that it is low-cost and that it meets the advanced pilot trainer mission task of teaching avionics integration, sensor management, cockpit management, . . . not necessarily that it matches a fifth-gen capability,” Dunlop says.
“Only through dialog and through their research did they come back and show us that it was a lower-cost solution that provided more adaptability for the long run.”

The sustained g requirement was likely behind General Dynamics’ decision to abandon the M346.
With a threshold of 6.5g and an objective of 7.5g, the requirement proved thorny for the M346.

That stipulation was driven by 18 months of interviews with instructor pilots and research, Dunlop says.
“That was very specific, because based on our discussion with instructor pilots [and] mission experts that was the minimum g we could accept that would allow us to meet the mission tasks of advanced pilot training,” she says.
Additionally, research found that 7.5g would be sufficient to ensure pilot students can operate at 9g, the upper extreme for most fighters.
“If you can operate at 7.5gs, you can operate at 9gs,” she tells Aviation Week.

Though this requirement is rigorous, it allows for the kind of performance needed for future F-35, F-22 and Long-Range-Strike bomber pilots.
It also allows for the kind of margin necessary for what could come in the future, Dunlop explains.

Once procured, Dunlop estimates—based on industry input and assessments of allied air force operations—the service could save 15% in the operating cost annually for advanced pilot training..
This is because its performance will reduce the need to use other platforms—such as the F-16 or F-15—to augment training for some skills.
Fighters are much more costly to operate than the T-38 or than the T-X will be.
Dunlop says avoiding that follow-on training could save $160-280 million annually.
Training hours will still be flown on the primary aircraft—F-22, F-16, F-15 and, eventually, F-35.
But those hours will be dedicated to much higher-end skills than now, ultimately producing savvier pilots, she adds.

The T-38 is unable to address 12 of 18 mission tasks needed today, Dunlop says.
“Even if you gave me money to fix [these gaps], I can only fix one. And I can only fix one partially, and part of that is because I don’t have the size, weight, power, cooling and growth margin available,” she says.
“I no longer teach what is known as air combat maneuvering in T-38s because it is so different than my fourth- or fifth-generation platforms today.”

The T-38 does not support any night-vision goggle training, which is handled in the formal units for fighter and bomber pilots.
Formation flying outside of visual range—a tactic of fifth-generation flying enabled by covert data links—is not trained in the T-38 either.
With T-X, AETC officials intend to incorporate actual or virtual data links to hone skills, say officials at the command’s plans, programs and requirements directorate.

The T-38 also lacks the ability for training in the use of “J-series” weapons, such as the ubiquitous Joint Direct Attack Munitions enabled by laser-guidance or data links, they say.
And it also falls short in training pilots for emergency procedures, which in fifth-generation aircraft are far more reliant on computer control than in the T-38.
This work is transferred forward to the formal training units.

Dennis says the request for proposals is expected to be released in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2016, with a contract award in the fall of 2017.
Initial operational capability is slated for 2023.
Alla fine ..... cosa uscirà veramente da questa competizione ..... un reale velivolo da addestramento ..... o una sorta di aereo da combattimento ..... magari da vendere a mezzo mondo ?

:scratch:

Avatar utente
richelieu
FL 500
FL 500
Messaggi: 13905
Iscritto il: 22 dicembre 2008, 21:14

Re: Programma T-X .....

Messaggio da richelieu » 10 aprile 2015, 11:32

L' analista Richard Aboulafia dice la sua sulle incognite del programma T-X ..... che considera 'una disperazione per analisti ed osservatori' ..... e Bill Sweetman commenta .....
The U.S. Air Force’s T-X advanced trainer procurement program is the second largest outstanding undetermined aircraft procurement program in the world (after the Long Range Strike-Bomber, or LRS-B).
It aims to procure 350 jets to replace the USAF T-38 fleet, plus possibly hundreds more for other customers and applications.
T-X is also basically a series of impossibilities.
Whether it’s the budget, the emergence of clean-sheet proposals and the proliferation of players, or the shifting requirements, pretty much everything about this program makes analysts and observers throw up their hands in despair.
Fonte ..... "Opinion: Shifting Requirements, Budget Reality Conspiring Against T-X" .....
http://aviationweek.com/defense/opinion ... gainst-t-x
.

Avatar utente
richelieu
FL 500
FL 500
Messaggi: 13905
Iscritto il: 22 dicembre 2008, 21:14

Re: Programma T-X .....

Messaggio da richelieu » 15 giugno 2015, 8:49

T-X ..... addestratore o caccia sotto mentite spoglie ?

Da Parigi ..... un' analisi di Bill Sweetman .....
A trainer doesn’t have to be the fastest, biggest or stealthiest aircraft ever, just predictable, reliable and economical.
Air forces nevertheless have a long history of getting trainer programs wrong.
The problem is usually the requirement.
The U.S. Air Force’s T-X requirement, seeking a replacement for the Northrop Grumman T-38, has been evolving steadily since the first industry teams formed in 2010-11 – in the direction of a bigger and more expensive aircraft.
Fonte ..... "T-X Trainer Grows Into Fighter Territory" .....
http://aviationweek.com/paris-air-show- ... -territory
.

Avatar utente
richelieu
FL 500
FL 500
Messaggi: 13905
Iscritto il: 22 dicembre 2008, 21:14

Re: Programma T-X .....

Messaggio da richelieu » 16 giugno 2015, 8:27

Boeing-Saab ..... una collaborazione che funziona .....
Boeing Defense, Space & Security president and CEO Chris Chadwick has been talking consistently about “breaking the cost curve” – the Swedish company’s mantra – since the partnership was announced in late 2013.
In the case of the trainer, Chadwick says, Saab’s expertise in creating new designs on tight budgets makes the Boeing offering more competitive against off-the-shelf and modified aircraft.
“Saab has been very, very successful,” he said.
“They design differently, and in a very efficient manner.”
Chadwick puts it down to a single main factor: the Swedish budget doesn’t allow the job to be done any other way.
Fonte ..... " Boeing, Saab Joint Work On T-X Trainer Will 'Break Cost Curve' " .....
http://aviationweek.com/paris-air-show- ... cost-curve
.

Avatar utente
richelieu
FL 500
FL 500
Messaggi: 13905
Iscritto il: 22 dicembre 2008, 21:14

Re: Programma T-X .....

Messaggio da richelieu » 12 luglio 2015, 19:07

Più che un 'trainer' ..... sarà un 'fighter' .....
..... l' USAF conferma le 'esagerate' prestazioni che verranno richieste per il nuovo velivolo .....
The US Air Force is not backing away from the ambitious sustained g requirement for its T-X next-generation trainer that has sidelined at least two proposed aircraft types and driven the competitors toward clean sheet designs.
When the competition to replace the 55-year-old Northrop T-38 Talon got underway in 2010, pundits predicted the air force would favour price over performance, and vendors rushed to offer ready-made examples like the Alenia Aermacchi M-346 (offered as the T-100), BAE Systems Hawk Advanced Jet Trainer and Lockheed Martin/Korea Aerospace Industries T-50 Golden Eagle.
However, the initial set of requirements posted in March narrowed the field and caused the primes to reassess their initial offers, with General Dynamics parting ways with Alenia Aermacchi and Northrop reconsidering its Hawk offer in favour of a clean sheet design.
Fonte ..... "USAF reaffirms ambitious T-X sustained-g requirement"
http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articl ... nt-414531/

Il comunicato dello 'Air Education and Training Command' ..... "AF clarifies T-X trainer requirements for industry" ..... http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articl ... nt-414531/

Ci si trova dunque di fronte all' ennesima competizione tagliata su misura per l'industria d' oltreoceano che punta, evidentemente, a realizzare una sorta di F-5 degli anni '2000 ..... con relative ampie prospettive di mercato .....
.

Avatar utente
MatteF88
FL 350
FL 350
Messaggi: 3800
Iscritto il: 6 dicembre 2011, 18:57

Re: Programma T-X .....

Messaggio da MatteF88 » 12 luglio 2015, 19:50

Questi a forza di alzare l'asticella finiscono col trovarsi con un aereo più performante del JSF \:D/

Avatar utente
richelieu
FL 500
FL 500
Messaggi: 13905
Iscritto il: 22 dicembre 2008, 21:14

Re: Programma T-X .....

Messaggio da richelieu » 12 luglio 2015, 20:17

MatteF88 ha scritto:Questi a forza di alzare l'asticella finiscono col trovarsi con un aereo più performante del JSF \:D/
Si tratterà però di vedere a quale prezzo .....
Ma ..... non sono gli stessi che stanno piangendo miseria ..... un giorno si e l'altro pure ..... per sequestration e menate varie ?

:lol:

Avatar utente
MatteF88
FL 350
FL 350
Messaggi: 3800
Iscritto il: 6 dicembre 2011, 18:57

Re: Programma T-X .....

Messaggio da MatteF88 » 13 luglio 2015, 15:50

richelieu ha scritto: Si tratterà però di vedere a quale prezzo .....
Ci scommetterei: inferiore a quello dell'F-35...motore incluso.. :roll: :lol: :mrgreen:

Avatar utente
richelieu
FL 500
FL 500
Messaggi: 13905
Iscritto il: 22 dicembre 2008, 21:14

Re: Programma T-X .....

Messaggio da richelieu » 27 luglio 2015, 15:04

Lo dice Bill Sweetman .....
Alenia Aermacchi Back In T-X Race Soon .....


Bill Sweetman - Aerospace Daily & Defense Report (July 24, 2015)

Alenia Aermacchi is in talks with a new U.S. partner for the Air Force’s T-X advanced trainer program, the company tells Aviation Week, and a deal should be announced “very soon.”

The company’s T-100 trainer proposal, based on the M-346, has been in limbo since its original partner, General Dynamics, backed out in March.

A key to the renewed proposal is that the Air Force, in a July 10 amendment, has clarified the sustained g performance requirement contained in the initial request for information (RFI), issued in March.

Rather than the common definition of sustained g-force as being achieved at constant speed and altitude, the T-X requirement is to perform a turning maneuver in which 6.5 g or above is sustained through a 140-deg. turn.

The aircraft should start the maneuver at or above 15,000 ft. and complete it no lower than 13,000 ft., while losing no more than 10% of its initial speed.

The goal is to evaluate and improve the student pilot’s g-resistance with a tactically representative maneuver.

The M-346 is compliant with this requirement but “on the line,” company chief test pilot Enrico Scarabotto tells Aviation Week, and Alenia Aermacchi is planning to increase its performance before any T-X flight demonstration takes place.

He adds that the RFI requirement as originally interpreted would be hard for any aircraft short of a fighter to achieve, and that the M-346 has proven itself to handle well at such g levels.

Having passed the sustained-g hurdle, Alenia Aermacchi is positioning the M-346 as the most modern in-service training system in the contest, with features such as live, virtual, constructive (LVC) training (in which a real-world training sortie can be combined with simulated adversaries, targets and allied assets) already in development.

An initial-service version of LVC is in service with the Italian air force and the full versuion will be delivered next year, the company says.

The M-346 is also already equipped with the Elbit Targo helmet-mounted display system.
.

Avatar utente
richelieu
FL 500
FL 500
Messaggi: 13905
Iscritto il: 22 dicembre 2008, 21:14

Re: Programma T-X .....

Messaggio da richelieu » 1 agosto 2015, 8:53

Non dovete comperarlo perchè ..... è Russo .....

Immagine
Folks, it's a Yak-130.
It may have a Aermacchi on the fin but it's still not just NIH but NIH from /them/.
Whom it is officially okay to hate again.
Even if all airframes, systems and spares are EU sourced, the U.S. is not going to buy an Aermacchi Yak-130.

PDot.
Dai commenti dei lettori ad un articolo (criptato) apparso su AW&ST .....

"Boeing Prepares T-X For First Flight As Competition Intensifies" .....
http://aviationweek.com/defense/boeing- ... ntensifies

Certe 'sindromi' sono (molto, ma mooolto) dure a morire ..... :mrgreen:
.

Avatar utente
sidew
10000 ft
10000 ft
Messaggi: 1423
Iscritto il: 24 maggio 2007, 8:28
Località: Milan, Italy
Contatta:

Re: Programma T-X .....

Messaggio da sidew » 3 agosto 2015, 9:01

E poi continuano a usare motori russi RD180 per i loro razzi vettori Atlas V e ULA sta facendo rpessioni epr togliere il divieto di prendere altri.... :mrgreen:
Aldo

"Oops!" - Shannon Foraker, Ashes of victory

Rispondi